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Practical explanations for petroleum buyers, supply principals and commercial representatives. Clear definitions, useful checklists and primary references.
Practical guides
Representation
What is a petroleum seller mandate?
Understand what a petroleum seller mandate authorizes, how it differs from product ownership and which questions a buyer should ask before relying on it.
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Representation
Seller mandate vs petroleum broker
Compare appointed seller representatives and petroleum brokers by authority, principal disclosure, commercial scope and fee arrangements.
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Trade documentation
What should a petroleum ICPO include?
Build a coherent petroleum ICPO with company identity, product specification, quantity, delivery terms and signatory authority, without oversharing.
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Delivery structures
FOB vs CIF in petroleum trading
Compare FOB and CIF petroleum shipments, separating risk transfer, carriage, insurance and the contract provisions that Incoterms do not settle.
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Product knowledge
Understanding EN590 10PPM specifications
Learn why an EN590 10PPM inquiry needs a complete specification, destination requirements, sampling terms and cargo-specific quality evidence.
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Trade documentation
What is proof of product in petroleum trading?
Understand why proof of product is a bundle of verifiable evidence, not a universal certificate of ownership, availability or authority to sell.
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Due diligence
How petroleum buyers can review a seller
Organize petroleum seller due diligence around identity, authority, product rights, logistics, payment instructions and unresolved inconsistencies.
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Product knowledge
How international Jet A1 transactions work
Follow the commercial preparation of a Jet A1 transaction, from specification and receiving acceptance to quality records, handling and release.
Read the guideOur editorial approach
These guides explain commercial concepts. They do not report KazExpo transactions or endorse counterparties. Technical references are linked where used; standards and transaction-specific obligations should be checked with qualified advisers.
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